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| DATE | 2020-01-22 |
| FROM | Ben Creisler
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| SUBJECT | Subject: [Hangout - NYLXS] [dinosaur] Pan-Chelidae origin + amorphous carbon
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From: Ben Creisler
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Subject: [Hangout - NYLXS] [dinosaur] Pan-Chelidae origin + amorphous carbon
in Upper Cretaceous egg + crocodylian reproduction
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Ben Creisler
bcreisler-at-gmail.com
Some recent or not yet mentioned non-dino papers:
Free pdf:
J. Alfredo Holley, Juliana Sterli and N=C3=A9stor G. Basso (2019)
Dating the origin and diversification of Pan-Chelidae (Testudines,
Pleurodira) under multiple molecular clock approaches.
Contributions to Zoology (advance online publication)
DOI: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1163=
_18759866-2D20191419&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfn=
c_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k5=
5OljkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadDo&s=3DIjjWOxc2fFHp--pyaYTRXou6xBKALOFkQ7TiijEy_vs&e=
=3D=20
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__brill.com_view_journ=
als_ctoz_aop_article-2D10.1163-2D18759866-2D20191419_article-2D10.1163-2D18=
759866-2D20191419.xml&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSf=
nc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k=
55OljkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadDo&s=3DX8D9NH9JqDjNB8HQi5tycyfpZyAcLfVTdBvawBcJktw&=
e=3D=20
Pan-Chelidae (Testudines, Pleurodira) is a group of side-necked turtles
with a currently disjointed distribution in South America and Australasia
and characterized by two morphotypes: the long-necked and the short-necked
chelids. Both geographic groups include both morphotypes, but different
phylogenetic signals are obtained from morphological and molecular data,
suggesting the monophyly of the long-necked chelids or the independent
evolution of this trait in both groups. In this paper, we addressed this
conflict by compiling and editing available molecular and morphological
data for Pan-Chelidae, and performing phylogenetic and dating analyses over
the individual and the combined datasets. Our total-evidence phylogenetic
analysis recovered the clade Chelidae as monophyletic and as sister group
of a clade of South American extinct chelids; furthermore Chelidae retained
inside the classical molecular structure with the addition of extinct taxa
in both the Australasian and the South American clades. Our dating results
suggest a Middle Jurassic origin for the total clade Pan-Chelidae, an Early
Cretaceous origin for Chelidae, a Late Cretaceous basal diversification of
both geographic clades with the emergence of long-necked lineages, and an
Eocene diversification at genera level, with the emergence of some species
before the final breakup of Southern Gondwana and the remaining species
after this event.
=3D=3D=3D
Free pdf:
Seung Choi, Sung Keun Lee, Noe-Heon Kim, Seongyeong Kim and Yuong-Nam Lee
(2020)
Raman Spectroscopy Detects Amorphous Carbon in an Enigmatic Egg From the
Upper Cretaceous Wido Volcanics of South Korea.
Frontiers in Earth Science 7: 349
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.3389=
_feart.2019.00349&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_g=
I&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55Ol=
jkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadDo&s=3DzZww2TEu1ynozXlBQzr52V9D4SenJ2kK_pqrTP6jdJo&e=3D=
=20
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__www.frontiersin.org_=
articles_10.3389_feart.2019.00349_full&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0N=
U5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3D=
IexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55OljkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadDo&s=3DVwG8OLUfVjBfsCzblW_dTNO0j8J=
GX1mRgHpV5wOqunA&e=3D=20
Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in micropaleontology and organic
geochemistry to identify carbonaceous materials and evaluate their thermal
maturity in fossils or metasedimentary rocks. Meanwhile, fossil egg
researches have mostly focused on biomineralized calcite, but preserved
carbonaceous (or possibly organic) materials inside the eggshells have been
usually neglected until recently. Here we report an enigmatic egg from the
Wido Volcanics (Upper Cretaceous) of South Korea that was analyzed using
diverse methods including polarized light microscope, scanning electron
microscope, electron probe microanalyzer, electron backscatter diffraction,
and Raman spectroscopy. The eggshell not only shows the crystallography of
archosaurian eggshells but also contains peculiar dark bands, which were
previously known as the trait of fossil and modern Crocodyliformes
eggshells. Raman spectroscopic analysis showed that the dark bands are
mainly due to amorphous carbon, as evidenced by the clear graphite (G) and
disordered (D) bands. The deconvolution of amorphous carbon peaks and
resultant parameters made it possible to infer the paleotemperature
inscribed in the eggshell. The result suggests that preserved amorphous
carbon in the fossil eggshells can be identified using Raman spectroscopy
and Raman parameters may make it possible to compare the thermal maturity
of spatiotemporally diverse fossil eggshells. The biogenicity of the dark
band is not clear because Raman spectroscopic analysis is not sufficient to
confirm biogenicity. However, overall distribution of the dark band may
imply the biogenic origin. It is apparent that the material of this study
is not a dinosaur egg but might belong to a crocodyliform or choristoderan
egg, and even other non-dinosaur archosaur can be a candidate as well.
=3D=3D=3D
Rebecca J. Lakin, Paul M. Barrett, Colin Stevenson, Robert J. Thomas &
Matthew A. Wills (2020)
First evidence for a latitudinal body mass effect in extant Crocodylia and
the relationships of their reproductive characters.
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, blz208
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1093=
_biolinnean_blz208&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_=
gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55O=
ljkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadDo&s=3DjEtM5qCSJ1lap1Vbym_mf_eWcZDaPbquzwQYhY-OFok&e=
=3D=20
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__academic.oup.com_bio=
linnean_advance-2Darticle-2Dabstract_doi_10.1093_biolinnean_blz208_5713003&=
d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmG=
of_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55OljkSWih2jas3EGTukyu=
adDo&s=3D10ufoO9_jz_qz740K2R_PcMIKSHqqoILpITaa8N1LBY&e=3D=20
Relationships between distribution patterns and body size have been
documented in many endothermic taxa. However, the evidence for these trends
in ectotherms generally is equivocal, and there have been no studies of
effects in crocodylians specifically. Here, we examine the relationship
between latitudinal distribution and body mass in 20 extant species of
crocodylians, as well as the relationships between seven important
reproductive variables. Using phylogenetically independent contrasts to
inform generalized linear models, we provide the first evidence of a
latitudinal effect on adult female body mass in crocodylians. In addition,
we explore the relationships between reproductive variables including egg
mass, hatchling mass and clutch size. We report no correlation between egg
mass and clutch size, upholding previously reported within-species trends.
We also find no evidence of a correlation between measures of latitudinal
range and incubation temperature, contrasting with the trends found in
turtles.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
--000000000000b8e3a2059cc2b24f
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable
Ben Creisler
Some recent o= r not yet mentioned non-dino papers:
Free pdf: =
Pan-=
Chelidae (Testudines, Pleurodira) is a group of side-necked turtles with a =
currently disjointed distribution in South America and Australasia and char=
acterized by two morphotypes: the long-necked and the short-necked chelids.=
Both geographic groups include both morphotypes, but different phylogeneti=
c signals are obtained from morphological and molecular data, suggesting th=
e monophyly of the long-necked chelids or the independent evolution of this=
trait in both groups. In this paper, we addressed this conflict by compili=
ng and editing available molecular and morphological data for Pan-Chelidae,=
and performing phylogenetic and dating analyses over the individual and th=
e combined datasets. Our total-evidence phylogenetic analysis recovered the=
clade Chelidae as monophyletic and as sister group of a clade of South Ame=
rican extinct chelids; furthermore Chelidae retained inside the classical m=
olecular structure with the addition of extinct taxa in both the Australasi=
an and the South American clades. Our dating results suggest a Middle Juras=
sic origin for the total clade Pan-Chelidae, an Early Cretaceous origin for=
Chelidae, a Late Cretaceous basal diversification of both geographic clade=
s with the emergence of long-necked lineages, and an Eocene diversification=
at genera level, with the emergence of some species before the final break=
up of Southern Gondwana and the remaining species after this event.
iv>
=3D=3D=3D
Free pd=
f:
Raman spectroscopy =
has been widely used in micropaleontology and organic geochemistry to ident=
ify carbonaceous materials and evaluate their thermal maturity in fossils o=
r metasedimentary rocks. Meanwhile, fossil egg researches have mostly focus=
ed on biomineralized calcite, but preserved carbonaceous (or possibly organ=
ic) materials inside the eggshells have been usually neglected until recent=
ly. Here we report an enigmatic egg from the Wido Volcanics (Upper Cretaceo=
us) of South Korea that was analyzed using diverse methods including polari=
zed light microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron probe microana=
lyzer, electron backscatter diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The eggshe=
ll not only shows the crystallography of archosaurian eggshells but also co=
ntains peculiar dark bands, which were previously known as the trait of fos=
sil and modern Crocodyliformes eggshells. Raman spectroscopic analysis show=
ed that the dark bands are mainly due to amorphous carbon, as evidenced by =
the clear graphite (G) and disordered (D) bands. The deconvolution of amorp=
hous carbon peaks and resultant parameters made it possible to infer the pa=
leotemperature inscribed in the eggshell. The result suggests that preserve=
d amorphous carbon in the fossil eggshells can be identified using Raman sp=
ectroscopy and Raman parameters may make it possible to compare the thermal=
maturity of spatiotemporally diverse fossil eggshells. The biogenicity of =
the dark band is not clear because Raman spectroscopic analysis is not suff=
icient to confirm biogenicity. However, overall distribution of the dark ba=
nd may imply the biogenic origin. It is apparent that the material of this =
study is not a dinosaur egg but might belong to a crocodyliform or choristo=
deran egg, and even other non-dinosaur archosaur can be a candidate as well=
.
=3D=3D=3D
Rebecca J. Lakin, Paul M. B= arrett, Colin Stevenson, Robert J. Thomas & Matthew A. Wills (2020) = First evidence for a latitudinal body mass effect in extant Crocodylia and = the relationships of their reproductive characters. Biological Journal o= f the Linnean Society, blz208 doi: int.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1093_biolinnean_blz208&d=3DDwMF=
aQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmG=
of_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55OljkSWih2jas3EGT=
ukyuadDo&s=3DjEtM5qCSJ1lap1Vbym_mf_eWcZDaPbquzwQYhY-OFok&e=3D">http=
s://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz208proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__academic.oup.com_biolinnean_advance-2Da=
rticle-2Dabstract_doi_10.1093_biolinnean_blz208_5713003&d=3DDwMFaQ&=
c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9M=
yZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55OljkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadD=
o&s=3D10ufoO9_jz_qz740K2R_PcMIKSHqqoILpITaa8N1LBY&e=3D">https://aca=
demic.oup.com/biolinnean/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/biolinnean/bl=
z208/5713003 Relationships between distribution patterns and bo= dy size have been documented in many endothermic taxa. However, the evidenc= e for these trends in ectotherms generally is equivocal, and there have bee= n no studies of effects in crocodylians specifically. Here, we examine the = relationship between latitudinal distribution and body mass in 20 extant sp= ecies of crocodylians, as well as the relationships between seven important= reproductive variables. Using phylogenetically independent contrasts to in= form generalized linear models, we provide the first evidence of a latitudi= nal effect on adult female body mass in crocodylians. In addition, we explo= re the relationships between reproductive variables including egg mass, hat= chling mass and clutch size. We report no correlation between egg mass and = clutch size, upholding previously reported within-species trends. We also f= ind no evidence of a correlation between measures of latitudinal range and = incubation temperature, contrasting with the trends found in turtles. =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
--000000000000b8e3a2059cc2b24f--
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_______________________________________________
Hangout mailing list
Hangout-at-nylxs.com
http://lists.mrbrklyn.com/mailman/listinfo/hangout
--===============1168852451==--
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--000000000000b8e3a2059cc2b24f
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable
Ben Creisler
bcreisler-at-gmail.com
Some recent or not yet mentioned non-dino papers:
Free pdf:
J. Alfredo Holley, Juliana Sterli and N=C3=A9stor G. Basso (2019)
Dating the origin and diversification of Pan-Chelidae (Testudines,
Pleurodira) under multiple molecular clock approaches.
Contributions to Zoology (advance online publication)
DOI: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1163=
_18759866-2D20191419&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfn=
c_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k5=
5OljkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadDo&s=3DIjjWOxc2fFHp--pyaYTRXou6xBKALOFkQ7TiijEy_vs&e=
=3D=20
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__brill.com_view_journ=
als_ctoz_aop_article-2D10.1163-2D18759866-2D20191419_article-2D10.1163-2D18=
759866-2D20191419.xml&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSf=
nc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k=
55OljkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadDo&s=3DX8D9NH9JqDjNB8HQi5tycyfpZyAcLfVTdBvawBcJktw&=
e=3D=20
Pan-Chelidae (Testudines, Pleurodira) is a group of side-necked turtles
with a currently disjointed distribution in South America and Australasia
and characterized by two morphotypes: the long-necked and the short-necked
chelids. Both geographic groups include both morphotypes, but different
phylogenetic signals are obtained from morphological and molecular data,
suggesting the monophyly of the long-necked chelids or the independent
evolution of this trait in both groups. In this paper, we addressed this
conflict by compiling and editing available molecular and morphological
data for Pan-Chelidae, and performing phylogenetic and dating analyses over
the individual and the combined datasets. Our total-evidence phylogenetic
analysis recovered the clade Chelidae as monophyletic and as sister group
of a clade of South American extinct chelids; furthermore Chelidae retained
inside the classical molecular structure with the addition of extinct taxa
in both the Australasian and the South American clades. Our dating results
suggest a Middle Jurassic origin for the total clade Pan-Chelidae, an Early
Cretaceous origin for Chelidae, a Late Cretaceous basal diversification of
both geographic clades with the emergence of long-necked lineages, and an
Eocene diversification at genera level, with the emergence of some species
before the final breakup of Southern Gondwana and the remaining species
after this event.
=3D=3D=3D
Free pdf:
Seung Choi, Sung Keun Lee, Noe-Heon Kim, Seongyeong Kim and Yuong-Nam Lee
(2020)
Raman Spectroscopy Detects Amorphous Carbon in an Enigmatic Egg From the
Upper Cretaceous Wido Volcanics of South Korea.
Frontiers in Earth Science 7: 349
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.3389=
_feart.2019.00349&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_g=
I&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55Ol=
jkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadDo&s=3DzZww2TEu1ynozXlBQzr52V9D4SenJ2kK_pqrTP6jdJo&e=3D=
=20
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__www.frontiersin.org_=
articles_10.3389_feart.2019.00349_full&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0N=
U5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3D=
IexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55OljkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadDo&s=3DVwG8OLUfVjBfsCzblW_dTNO0j8J=
GX1mRgHpV5wOqunA&e=3D=20
Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in micropaleontology and organic
geochemistry to identify carbonaceous materials and evaluate their thermal
maturity in fossils or metasedimentary rocks. Meanwhile, fossil egg
researches have mostly focused on biomineralized calcite, but preserved
carbonaceous (or possibly organic) materials inside the eggshells have been
usually neglected until recently. Here we report an enigmatic egg from the
Wido Volcanics (Upper Cretaceous) of South Korea that was analyzed using
diverse methods including polarized light microscope, scanning electron
microscope, electron probe microanalyzer, electron backscatter diffraction,
and Raman spectroscopy. The eggshell not only shows the crystallography of
archosaurian eggshells but also contains peculiar dark bands, which were
previously known as the trait of fossil and modern Crocodyliformes
eggshells. Raman spectroscopic analysis showed that the dark bands are
mainly due to amorphous carbon, as evidenced by the clear graphite (G) and
disordered (D) bands. The deconvolution of amorphous carbon peaks and
resultant parameters made it possible to infer the paleotemperature
inscribed in the eggshell. The result suggests that preserved amorphous
carbon in the fossil eggshells can be identified using Raman spectroscopy
and Raman parameters may make it possible to compare the thermal maturity
of spatiotemporally diverse fossil eggshells. The biogenicity of the dark
band is not clear because Raman spectroscopic analysis is not sufficient to
confirm biogenicity. However, overall distribution of the dark band may
imply the biogenic origin. It is apparent that the material of this study
is not a dinosaur egg but might belong to a crocodyliform or choristoderan
egg, and even other non-dinosaur archosaur can be a candidate as well.
=3D=3D=3D
Rebecca J. Lakin, Paul M. Barrett, Colin Stevenson, Robert J. Thomas &
Matthew A. Wills (2020)
First evidence for a latitudinal body mass effect in extant Crocodylia and
the relationships of their reproductive characters.
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, blz208
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1093=
_biolinnean_blz208&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_=
gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55O=
ljkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadDo&s=3DjEtM5qCSJ1lap1Vbym_mf_eWcZDaPbquzwQYhY-OFok&e=
=3D=20
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__academic.oup.com_bio=
linnean_advance-2Darticle-2Dabstract_doi_10.1093_biolinnean_blz208_5713003&=
d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmG=
of_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55OljkSWih2jas3EGTukyu=
adDo&s=3D10ufoO9_jz_qz740K2R_PcMIKSHqqoILpITaa8N1LBY&e=3D=20
Relationships between distribution patterns and body size have been
documented in many endothermic taxa. However, the evidence for these trends
in ectotherms generally is equivocal, and there have been no studies of
effects in crocodylians specifically. Here, we examine the relationship
between latitudinal distribution and body mass in 20 extant species of
crocodylians, as well as the relationships between seven important
reproductive variables. Using phylogenetically independent contrasts to
inform generalized linear models, we provide the first evidence of a
latitudinal effect on adult female body mass in crocodylians. In addition,
we explore the relationships between reproductive variables including egg
mass, hatchling mass and clutch size. We report no correlation between egg
mass and clutch size, upholding previously reported within-species trends.
We also find no evidence of a correlation between measures of latitudinal
range and incubation temperature, contrasting with the trends found in
turtles.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
--000000000000b8e3a2059cc2b24f
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable
Ben Creisler
Some recent o= r not yet mentioned non-dino papers:
Free pdf: =
Pan-=
Chelidae (Testudines, Pleurodira) is a group of side-necked turtles with a =
currently disjointed distribution in South America and Australasia and char=
acterized by two morphotypes: the long-necked and the short-necked chelids.=
Both geographic groups include both morphotypes, but different phylogeneti=
c signals are obtained from morphological and molecular data, suggesting th=
e monophyly of the long-necked chelids or the independent evolution of this=
trait in both groups. In this paper, we addressed this conflict by compili=
ng and editing available molecular and morphological data for Pan-Chelidae,=
and performing phylogenetic and dating analyses over the individual and th=
e combined datasets. Our total-evidence phylogenetic analysis recovered the=
clade Chelidae as monophyletic and as sister group of a clade of South Ame=
rican extinct chelids; furthermore Chelidae retained inside the classical m=
olecular structure with the addition of extinct taxa in both the Australasi=
an and the South American clades. Our dating results suggest a Middle Juras=
sic origin for the total clade Pan-Chelidae, an Early Cretaceous origin for=
Chelidae, a Late Cretaceous basal diversification of both geographic clade=
s with the emergence of long-necked lineages, and an Eocene diversification=
at genera level, with the emergence of some species before the final break=
up of Southern Gondwana and the remaining species after this event.
iv>
=3D=3D=3D
Free pd=
f:
Raman spectroscopy =
has been widely used in micropaleontology and organic geochemistry to ident=
ify carbonaceous materials and evaluate their thermal maturity in fossils o=
r metasedimentary rocks. Meanwhile, fossil egg researches have mostly focus=
ed on biomineralized calcite, but preserved carbonaceous (or possibly organ=
ic) materials inside the eggshells have been usually neglected until recent=
ly. Here we report an enigmatic egg from the Wido Volcanics (Upper Cretaceo=
us) of South Korea that was analyzed using diverse methods including polari=
zed light microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron probe microana=
lyzer, electron backscatter diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The eggshe=
ll not only shows the crystallography of archosaurian eggshells but also co=
ntains peculiar dark bands, which were previously known as the trait of fos=
sil and modern Crocodyliformes eggshells. Raman spectroscopic analysis show=
ed that the dark bands are mainly due to amorphous carbon, as evidenced by =
the clear graphite (G) and disordered (D) bands. The deconvolution of amorp=
hous carbon peaks and resultant parameters made it possible to infer the pa=
leotemperature inscribed in the eggshell. The result suggests that preserve=
d amorphous carbon in the fossil eggshells can be identified using Raman sp=
ectroscopy and Raman parameters may make it possible to compare the thermal=
maturity of spatiotemporally diverse fossil eggshells. The biogenicity of =
the dark band is not clear because Raman spectroscopic analysis is not suff=
icient to confirm biogenicity. However, overall distribution of the dark ba=
nd may imply the biogenic origin. It is apparent that the material of this =
study is not a dinosaur egg but might belong to a crocodyliform or choristo=
deran egg, and even other non-dinosaur archosaur can be a candidate as well=
.
=3D=3D=3D
Rebecca J. Lakin, Paul M. B= arrett, Colin Stevenson, Robert J. Thomas & Matthew A. Wills (2020) = First evidence for a latitudinal body mass effect in extant Crocodylia and = the relationships of their reproductive characters. Biological Journal o= f the Linnean Society, blz208 doi: int.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1093_biolinnean_blz208&d=3DDwMF=
aQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmG=
of_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55OljkSWih2jas3EGT=
ukyuadDo&s=3DjEtM5qCSJ1lap1Vbym_mf_eWcZDaPbquzwQYhY-OFok&e=3D">http=
s://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz208proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__academic.oup.com_biolinnean_advance-2Da=
rticle-2Dabstract_doi_10.1093_biolinnean_blz208_5713003&d=3DDwMFaQ&=
c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9M=
yZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DIexsO9atTgTu0ZK4k55OljkSWih2jas3EGTukyuadD=
o&s=3D10ufoO9_jz_qz740K2R_PcMIKSHqqoILpITaa8N1LBY&e=3D">https://aca=
demic.oup.com/biolinnean/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/biolinnean/bl=
z208/5713003 Relationships between distribution patterns and bo= dy size have been documented in many endothermic taxa. However, the evidenc= e for these trends in ectotherms generally is equivocal, and there have bee= n no studies of effects in crocodylians specifically. Here, we examine the = relationship between latitudinal distribution and body mass in 20 extant sp= ecies of crocodylians, as well as the relationships between seven important= reproductive variables. Using phylogenetically independent contrasts to in= form generalized linear models, we provide the first evidence of a latitudi= nal effect on adult female body mass in crocodylians. In addition, we explo= re the relationships between reproductive variables including egg mass, hat= chling mass and clutch size. We report no correlation between egg mass and = clutch size, upholding previously reported within-species trends. We also f= ind no evidence of a correlation between measures of latitudinal range and = incubation temperature, contrasting with the trends found in turtles. =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
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