MESSAGE
| DATE | 2006-07-17 |
| FROM | Ruben Safir
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| SUBJECT | Subject: [NYLXS - HANGOUT] Things change fast
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July 17, 2006 Sectarian Strife In an About-Face, Sunnis Want U.S. to
Remain in Iraq By EDWARD WONG and DEXTER FILKINS
BAGHDAD, Iraq, July 16 — As sectarian violence soars, many Sunni Arab
political and religious leaders once staunchly opposed to the American
presence here are now saying they need American troops to protect them
from the rampages of Shiite militias and Shiite-run government forces.
The pleas from the Sunni Arab leaders have been growing in intensity
since an eruption of sectarian bloodletting in February, but they have
reached a new pitch in recent days as Shiite militiamen have brazenly
shot dead groups of Sunni civilians in broad daylight in Baghdad and
other mixed areas of central Iraq.
The Sunnis also view the Americans as a “bulwark against Iranian actions
here,†a senior American diplomat said. Sunni politicians have made
their viewpoints known to the Americans through informal discussions in
recent weeks.
The Sunni Arab leaders say they have no newfound love for the
Americans. Many say they still sympathize with the insurgency and
despise the Bush administration and the fact that the invasion has
helped strengthen the power of neighboring Iran, which backs the ruling
Shiite parties.
But the Sunni leaders have dropped demands for a quick withdrawal of
American troops. Many now ask for little more than a timetable. A few
Sunni leaders even say they want more American soldiers on the ground
to help contain the widening chaos.
The new stance is one of the most significant shifts in attitude since
the war began. It could influence White House plans for a reduction of
the 134,000 troops here and help the Americans expand dialogue with
elements of the insurgency. But the budding accommodation is already
stirring a reaction among the Shiites, who make up about 60 percent of
the population but were brutally ruled for decades by the Sunnis.
In Adhamiya, a neighborhood in north Baghdad, Sunni insurgents once
fought street to street with American troops. Now, mortars fired by Shiite
militias rain down several times a week, and armed watch groups have set
up barricades to stop drive-by attacks by black-clad Shiite fighters. So
when an American convoy rolled in recently, a remarkable message rang
out from the loudspeakers of the Abu Hanifa Mosque, where Saddam Hussein
made his last public appearance before the fall of Baghdad in 2003.
“The American Army is coming with the Iraqi Army — do not shoot,â€
the voice said, echoing through streets still filled with supporters of
Mr. Hussein. “They are here to help you.â€
Sheik Abdul Wahab al-Adhami, an imam at the mosque, said later in an
interview: “Look at what the militias are doing even while we have
the American forces here. Imagine what would happen if they left.â€
Even in Sunni-dominated Anbar Province, where insurgents are carrying out
a vicious guerrilla war against foreign troops, a handful of leaders are
asking American commanders to rein in Iraqi paramilitary units. Sheiks
in Falluja often complain to American officers there of harassment,
raids or indiscriminate shooting by Iraqi forces.
A year ago, the party of Tariq al-Hashemi, a hard-line Sunni Arab who
is one of Iraq’s two vice presidents, was calling for the immediate
withdrawal of foreign troops.
“The situation is different now,†Mr. Hashemi said. “I don’t
want the Americans to say bye-bye. Tomorrow, if they were to leave the
country, there would be a security vacuum, and that would lead inevitably
to civil war.â€
Zalmay Khalilzad, the American ambassador to Iraq, has been at the
forefront of American efforts to bring Sunni Arabs into the political
process. Part of that strategy is to crack down on Shiite militias and
push for amnesty for some guerrillas.
This month the American military has stepped up operations against the
Mahdi Army, a volatile Shiite militia, and the top American commander,
Gen. George W. Casey Jr., said last Wednesday that the Americans would
hunt down “death squads†that are a driving force behind the rising
bloodshed.
Some Shiite leaders deride the American policy toward Sunnis as
appeasement. “This strategy will destroy their goal of establishing
democracy in Iraq,†said Abbas al-Bayati, a prominent Shiite
legislator. “Compromising with the insurgency will encourage the
insurgents to do more and more violence in the region.â€
Investigations into possible wrongdoing by American troops in two
major cases — the deaths of 24 civilians in Haditha last November,
and the rape and murder of a 14-year-old girl and the killing of her
family in Mahmudiya in March — have ignited anger among Sunnis, but
not nearly to the same degree as they might have in 2004, when the Abu
Ghraib prisoner scandal emerged. But back then, Iraq had not crept to
the brink of full-scale civil war.
Of much greater concern now is the massacre of up to 50 Sunni civilians
in the Jihad neighborhood of Baghdad on the morning of July 9, when
Shiite militiamen dragged people from cars and homes and shot them in
the head. Some families fled the area for a makeshift tent camp in the
backyard of a mosque.
“The problem is that American crimes are only a hundredth of the
crimes committed by the militias,†said Omar al-Jubouri, the human
rights officer for the Iraqi Islamic Party, a powerful Sunni group
that still considers itself the vanguard of political resistance to the
Americans. “It’s like one hair compared to all the other hairs on
a camel.â€
“We want to tell the American people to increase the presence of the
Americans here, to control the situation,†he added.
Sunni Arab leaders in the strife-ridden neighborhood of Dawra recently
secured an explicit agreement with Shiite-led commandos based there
that says the Iraqi forces will not raid a Sunni mosque or private home
without being accompanied by American forces. A new brigade of Iraqi
forces has just moved in, and the Sunnis are likely to try to reach the
same agreement with them.
A similar but more informal agreement exists in Adhamiya. Leaders of
the Sunni Endowment, an Iraqi organization that helps administer Sunni
mosques, say they have asked the Iraqi prime minister, Nuri Kamal
al-Maliki, to extend the Dawra agreement to all of Baghdad.
“If the Iraqi forces come without American soldiers, people will shoot
at them, because we’ll know they’re militias,†said Sheik Akrim
al-Dulaimi, the head imam of the Holy Mecca Mosque in Dawra. “Civilians
don’t trust the government.â€
The Sunni fear of militias and government forces — and a growing
affinity for American soldiers — extends to other mixed areas of Iraq.
In Diyala Province, Sunni fighters and members of the Mahdi Army battle
regularly. The town of Muqdadiya there is an epicenter of sectarian
killings. Last Wednesday, at least 20 people were abducted from a bus
station and later found killed.
In late June, gunmen set afire 17 shops in the town center as the Iraqi
Army stood by, said Hamdi Hassoun, a provincial council member and a
Sunni Arab.
“We have called on the Americans for help, we have called on the prime
minister’s office,†he said. “The infiltration of the police and
army is common.â€
But the Americans are slow to give aid, he said. Residents of troubled
areas are seeing fewer American patrols now than a year ago, adding to a
sense of anxiety and lawlessness. “The American forces don’t target
those who are not attacking them,†Mr. Hassoun said. “They don’t
care about the militias unless the militias attack them.â€
The Americans insist they are striking at the militias. On July 7,
American and Iraqi troops stormed a building in a Shiite slum in Baghdad,
killing or wounding 30 to 40 gunmen and capturing a high-level Shiite
militia commander. Residents said the man was Abu Deraa, a leader of the
Mahdi Army, which answers to the radical Shiite cleric Moktada al-Sadr.
Maj. Gen. William B. Caldwell IV, a military spokesman, said it was
clear that civilians were suffering heavily from “the activities of
these illegal armed groups through murder, intimidation, kidnappings
and everything else.â€
He added, “We’ve made a very conscious decision here in the last
few weeks to deal with them just as severely as we can.â€
If the American military continues to press the Mahdi Army, that could
win more support from the Sunni Arabs. Regardless, Sunni leaders appear
to be reaching out more to the Americans, said Mr. Khalilzad, the American
ambassador, in an interview.
After all, he said, the Sunnis finally chose to dive into the political
process by participating in the parliamentary elections of December 2005,
after boycotting an earlier set of elections.
“This is the biggest change that has happened here,†the ambassador
said of the shift in Sunni attitudes toward the American presence
in Iraq. “A lot of Sunnis realized that they made a mistake in not
participating in the elections in January 2005. Now, they are beginning
to see the payoff.â€
A telling sign of the new dynamic is the growing tension between some
Shiite leaders and the ambassador. When he came to Baghdad a year ago,
Mr. Khalilzad was so warmly embraced by Shiite leaders that they often
referred to him by a Shiite nickname, Abu Ali. Now, the same Shiites
refer to him as Abu Omar, a Sunni nickname.
Khalid al-Ansary and Ali Adeeb contributed reporting for this article.
--
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